More evidence of grace in the Law of God.

Deuteronomy 19.1-10

¹ “‘When the LORD your God cuts off the nations whose land the LORD your God is giving you, and you dispossess them and dwell in their cities and in their houses, ²you shall set apart three cities for yourselves in the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess. ³You shall measure the distances and divide into three parts the area of the land that the LORD your God gives you as a possession, so that any manslayer can flee to them. ⁴"This is the provision for the manslayer, who by fleeing there may save his life. If anyone kills his neighbor unintentionally without having hated him in the past-- ⁵as when someone goes into the forest with his neighbor to cut wood, and his hand swings the axe to cut down a tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies--he may flee to one of these cities and live, ⁶lest the avenger of blood in hot anger pursue the manslayer and overtake him, because the way is long, and strike him fatally, though the man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past. ⁷Therefore I command you, You shall set apart three cities. ⁸And if the LORD your God enlarges your territory, as he has sworn to your fathers, and gives you all the land that he promised to give to your fathers-- ⁹provided you are careful to keep all this commandment, which I command you today, by loving the LORD your God and by walking ever in his ways--then you shall add three other cities to these three, ¹⁰lest innocent blood be shed in your land that the LORD your God is giving you for an inheritance, and so the guilt of bloodshed be upon you.’”

Israelites were not allowed to “rush to judgment” in a vengeful or passionate manner. Those guilty of manslaughter, as opposed to premeditated murder, were given safe haven. There would be punishment in this, of course – separation from family and friends, limited mobility, having to find a means of supporting oneself, and so forth – but the death penalty would be averted, and justly so.

These cities of refuge would have served as a continuous reminder both of the justice and grace of God, encouraging all members of the nation to honor the Law and keep all the commandments of God. The purpose of these was to avoid the shedding of innocent blood, which would itself have added guilt to the nation. The punishment of one assigned to a city of refuge would be sufficient. His willingness to abide there until the death of the high priest would signal to all that he was innocent of murder but willing to accept punishment for his part in the untimely death of a neighbor.

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